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A History of
Modern Lebanon
FAWWAZ TRABOULSI
Press
LONDON • ANN ARBOR, MI
P
Pluto
First published 2007 by Pluto Press
345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA
and 839 Greene Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106
www.plutobooks.com
Copyright © Fawwaz Traboulsi 2007
The right of Fawwaz Traboulsi to be identifi ed as the author of
this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Hardback
ISBN-13 978 0 7453 2438 8
ISBN-10 0 7453 2438 X
Paperback
ISBN-13 978 0 7453 2437 1
ISBN-10 0 7453 2437 1
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Designed and produced for Pluto Press by
Chase Publishing Services Ltd, Fortescue, Sidmouth, EX10 9QG, England
Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton, England
Printed and bound in the European Union by
Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne, England
Contents
Preface
vii
Acknowledgements
xi
Part I: Ottoman Lebanon
1 The Emirate of Mount Lebanon (1523–1842)
3
2 The Bloody Death of the
Muqata`ji
System (1842–1861)
24
3 Grandeur and Misery of the
Mutasarrifi ya
(1861–1915)
41
4 Beirut, Capital of Trade and Culture (1820–1918)
52
Part II: State and Society
5 Greater Lebanon: The Dialectics of Attachment and
Detachment (1915–1920)
75
6 From Mandate to Independence (1920–1943)
88
7 The Merchant Republic (1943–1952)
109
8 The Pro-Western Authoritarianism of Kamil Sham`un
(1952–1958)
128
9 Shihabism and the Diffi cult Autonomy of the State
(1958–1970)
138
10 From Social Crisis to Civil War (1968–1975)
156
Part III: The Wars of Lebanon
11 Reform by Arms (1975–1976)
187
12 TheLongest
coup d’etat
(1977–1982)
205
13 The War Order (1983–1990)
220
Postscript: Ambiguities and Contradictions of the
Ta’ifAgreement
240
Chronology
247
Glossary
255
Notes
257
Bibliography
277
Index
288
vi Contents
LIST OF MAPS
1. Modern Lebanon xii
2. The Mutasarrifi ya 42
3. The Wilayet of Beirut 53
4. Greater Lebanon in the partition of Syria, 1920 89
5. Beirut in the civil war 1975–76 188
6. Sectarian representation of parliamentary seats since Taef 241
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