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A
MERICAN
faith
in
america
M
ICHAEL
G
ARRETT
AND
J.T. G
ARRETT
J. GORDON MELTON
, SERIES EDITOR
N
ATIVE
NATIVE AMERICAN FAITH IN AMERICA
Faith in America
Copyright © 2003 Michael Garrett and J.T. Garrett
Introduction and chapter 6 copyright © Shoreline Publishing Group LLC
Foreword copyright © 2003 J. Gordon Melton
The producers thank writers Johnny Flynn and Jean Kinney Williams for their contributions
to the preparation of this book
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elec-
tronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems,
without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Garrett, Michael Tlanusta, 1970-
Native American faith in America / Michael Garrett and J.T. Garrett.
p. cm.—(Faith in America)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-4989-0 (hardcover)
1. Indians of North America—Religion. 2. Indians of North America—Social life and customs.
3. United States—Religious life and customs. I. Title. II. Series.
E98.R3G37 2003
299’.793—dc21
2002156384
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses,
associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at
(212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755.
You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com
Produced by the Shoreline Publishing Group LLC
Editorial Director: James Buckley Jr.
Contributing Editor: Beth Adelman
Designed by Thomas Carling, Carling Design, Inc.
Photo research by Laurie Schuh
Index by Nanette Cardon, IRIS
Photo and art credits: Cover: AP/Wide World (main image, top right); North Wind Archives (middle right);
Anne Scheuerman (bottom right). Interior: AP/Wide World 6, 47, 50, 52, 61, 63, 74, 77, 85, 88, 93, 95, 110, 117;
Bridgeman Art Archives 19, 25, 68; Corbis 13, 71, 96, 101, 106; Getty Images 112; North Wind Archives 27, 32, 45,
79, 82; Philbrook Museum of Art 16, 21, 36, 40; Anne Scheuerman 98; Courtesy Sports Immortals, Inc. 59
Printed in the United States of America
VB 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
C
ONT ENTS
Foreword by J. Gordon Melton 4
I
NTRODUCTION
Native American Beliefs and Practices 7
C
HAPTER
1
The Coming of the Long Knives 25
C
HAPTER
2
Key Events in Native American History 41
C
HAPTER
3
From Moccasins to Music: Cultural Influences 53
C
HAPTER
4
Native American Faith and Society
67
C
HAPTER
5
American Politics and Native Americans
81
C
HAPTER
6
Important Native American Leaders
95
C
HAPTER
7
Winds of Change Blow Across the Land
113
Glossary
120
Time Line
122
Resources
123
Index
124
F
OREWORD
AMERICA BEGINS A NEW MILLENNIUM AS ONE OF THE MOST RELIGIOUSLY
diverse nations of all time. Nowhere else in the world do so many people—offered a
choice free from government influence—identify with such a wide range of religious
and spiritual communities. Nowhere else has the human search for meaning been
so varied. In America today, there are communities and centers for worship repre-
senting all of the world’s religions.
The American landscape is dotted with churches, temples, synagogues, and
mosques. Zen Buddhist zendos sit next to Pentecostal tabernacles. Hasidic Jews walk
the streets with Hindu swamis. Most amazing of all, relatively little conflict has oc-
curred among religions in America. This fact, combined with a high level of tolerance
of one another’s beliefs and practices, has let America produce people of goodwill
ready to try to resolve any tensions that might emerge.
The Faith in America series celebrates America’s diverse religious heritage.
People of faith and ideals who longed for a better world have created a unique society
where freedom of religious expression is a keynote of culture. The freedom that Amer-
ica offers to people of faith means that not only have ancient religions found a home
here, but that newer forms of expressing spirituality have also taken root. From huge
churches in large cities to small spiritual communities in towns and villages, faith in
America has never been stronger. The paths that different religions have taken through
American history is just one of the stories readers will find in this series.
Like anything people create, religion is far from perfect. However, its contribu-
tion to the culture and its ability to help people are impressive, and these accomplish-
ments will be found in all the books in the series. Meanwhile, awareness and tolerance
of the different paths our neighbors take to the spiritual life has become an increas-
ingly important part of citizenship in America.
Today, more than ever, America as a whole puts its faith in freedom—the
freedom to believe.
4
NATIVE AMERICAN FAITH IN AMERICA
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