[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
.*'-/1"!+*)2%1!.!(,"#0&$/
*,+#!)
573468!+-.,,)!
5887!)-(0&,.(<!
4??<%$$AAA#2-7?B595?B#<8
7A!)- #-/($ *) 6;549751!*()) A'!2>@=!,%*( EF!#C!BD?!/"!:19$
*,+#!%"!$%-$'
)++*!$&#("%'#,
"
.2!&(!"()%#
&(3'&!,0!'%&&!2$
+*-/1
&*($),"+-!)"#-$')$%*
WUJGQc['
"()*)'&!$%#
] 8KWHKWYG!TOK!H\bUH\!TOI!TGJ][\I]GPTKMU!#VU]G TOKTG[OXY&
TGPMUW]KP!WKVZYGIPO!@GV\'
'
$ &BNPEXJFMOFHP
#
[G^!XGY\W\I]TG'
5FSTFN! QRXWLMFKPOW! EP LJMLU! OBRPEPVD_V%! ?QRPST! TRUE$
VU VWUXYZ!]GQGSZLRU[GTKP!UVIPO!TOKSOKIQOKPa%!] TOKQYcW\IN!HG&
NJ! V DXBROF! SULJFOLJ%
<LUQJSLP! TWDI! UQP$
NOJF!RPXQPXOB#!TP!NP$
UT%!GH\![X]\XYQOK!VURXQOK!ISKTYGW]K!VURKMb\IN!#X]I]KMcRTOK!YK
EXJ!PEVJFEXJ^FN!V PSTBT$
VJF%! 8JF! QP TP! CWOBK$
bGYG!O 3WUTOXbG[G!;GPLGX]G'
Z KBLP!RXFL^FN!Z KFST!OJF$
DBDI%! A TRUEFN! QPE$
KBL! CJKF! DIPRF! SFRDF! OB$
JOOF! QPTFODKBMOF! PGJBRW%
:BTRXW^FN! OB TWDI
CJFEOWDI!MUEXJ#!EUNOWDI
OB EPEBTFL! XF! SVPKFK
XB EBRNP%! ABS^BOJBN
TVBRX!QBQJFRFN!J DXW$
TBN%! 0XWTBN! J%%%! 9TP
OB PL^BEDF! VJEOJFKF
H+>!F1@5&
A:85!A1B5;8BE!AF?85&
6>DA:85 )(!:D85B&
4 EBMFK! V BR$
TWLUMF+!
MJTFK#!TBRHPVJDXBO!BMCP!UDXFSTOJL_V!VJFMPLRPTOWDI!V EXJFKBDI
J1!:14JC25<%!>4D@K38J1!6>!=16@F285B!8F<1A1:@>D1J1'#G$
TWDI!USTBDI!J XBVSXF!TFO!SBN!VSQ_MOW!VR_H+!=28!488@%!8JF$
LB^%! ABVSXF! KFST! OJN! VR_H! :PMSLJ! J VJBRW%
0XFLBN!OB QRXWCWDJF!5BRPS^BVB!Z PCFDOFHP!EUDF#!LT_RW!NW$
OB UNWS^BDI! :PMBL_V! Z TWDI! CBREXJFK! QPEBTOWDI! OB DIPRP$
MBL_V! RPXNPVWY
XU! CW! EPSTBMJ! QP DXFRVPOWDI! NPREBDI%! Z . KB#! DIPMFRB#! OJF
5BRPS^BV#! 5BRPS^BV#! 5BRPS^BVY"""! "%$!&(
=USLB!J RBX!6PNPRPVSLJFHP%!Z 8JF!N_V!6PNP$
YUWYKS'!FGGYGQU[Gb!MU!MKPU[XQO!GQY\[OXYG%!QYcWKSZ!TOK!XVUJU&
I]UTK!]GINU[GTOG!NUSUXKQXZGRTK'!2WI\HOXQZV!PKXY!UHZW]UT\
SQRXFEB^!;USLJN#!B =USL!SQRXFEB^!8JFNDPN#!BMF
OJF! TWMLP%! 7BNW! HBXU! ^UQLPVFHP! OB )*&! MBT#
B]KLU[OK! TOKSOKIQOIN! UWMGTO]GIPO! KQURUMOI]T\IN%! QYcW]\! TGP&
MOI]TK1!6QU!_ RUMOI]TK"
MBDW%! Z ;BDKB#! BHFODJ%! .MF! KBL! QPVJFSX! P TWDI#
0C!')!")*&#
')I('!-5!(&''!C%
"
3
; EIGCL;KC;=C?!O 1N>I#
C=B!JI>OV;>HC!MI!FN>QC?"!EMWKQP!H; =I
C Q>KIOC?$!:;JIGHC?FC!I MKN>;=B!C KP#
O?K<;FCQIO;V?G!MI"!=I!GHC?!<IF;#
VI"!C JKQP JC?KOLQ?D!IE;QDC!QILM;#
HP=B"!=IK;Q!<;K>QC?D!JKQ?>GCIMIOI$
EIG?H>;HM;!>I JIFC=D;HM;!KIQJI=QP#
I>F?AV?AI!I> GID?AI!GC?DL=;!Q;#
KI<C?"!MP!F?HCN!S M;EC?!L@IKGNVIO;#
MKWO!S GWOC!D?>?H!Q <PVP=B!@NHE#
=DIH;KCNLQP!15!1N>IO;#:>KWD$
S +PV?G!QGNLQ;HP!>I @;VLQI#
O;HC;!>IENG?HM;=DC!LM;MPLMP=QH?D
S :;>;HC;"!D;EC?!JKQ?> H;GC!LM;#
"#!('*+$),&$%
O;HC;GC! JKQPAIMIO;O=QPGC$!3C?
HC;$!7MK;M?AC;!H;LQP=B!EIG?H>;H#
MWO!JKQ?OC>ND?!MKQP!IJ=D?'!Q;LMK;#
OC!CHHP!JKQ?HC?LCIHP!JIFC=D;HM$
'8<#!%5/?! +850
042*3)&38!)4+930(/43&6.97<&#!%4!)1&!3.*,4!
HC?!>PL=PJFCH;KH?"!NMK;M;!>I>;MEN
HCV!L;GI<WDLMO;$!0?LQ=Q?R
/&0!'6&0!+93)97<;#
5KQ?HC?LC?HC?!MI!=QPM?FHP!LPAH;V
5IGI=P!LQNE;FC!H;DJC?KO!O K?#
LIK=C?$!4 LPMN;=DC"!D;E;!G;!GC?DL=?
H; EIGCL;KC;=C?!O 1N>IOC?"!JIOC;#
>IGCFC!EIG?H>;HM;!JIOC;MIO?AI
<CV!HC?QOPEF?!LQP<EI!D;E!H; =QVIOC?#
MKQ?<P!JILQ=Q?AWFHP=B!JIFC=D;HMWO"
<PFC!EIHMKIFIO;HC"!;F?!@NHE=DIH;KCN#
LQ?'!>IENG?HM;=D;"!NGNH>NKIO;HC?"
GV$!CHLJ$!+A;CH<>!,8DHEFC8
<;!JIFC=D;HMWO!JIF?A;!MN!MPFEI!H; KI#
Q>I<PMPG! O LMN>CNG! KIFHC=QPG$
=C?!C @NHE=DIHIO;HC?$!7MK;=B!C HC?#
AI>HCN$!5IQ; MPG!EIG?H>;HM!LEC?#
KIO;V!>I H;L!Q?LJWV!JLP=BIFIAWO
Q 9KI=V;OC;$!5KQPD?=B;FC!Q ;HEC?M;#
M;ENF;KH?!S MPG!F?JC?D$
EIG?H>;HMIOC!S MVNG;=QP!D?>?H
Q @NHE=DIH;KCNLQP$
LM;V!>KNACG"!LEIKI!H; GC?DL=N!<PFC
LQPG!OPELQM;V=?HC?G$
4<?=HC?!D?LM!O EIGCL;KC;=C?!AKN#
+I!HCA>P!HC?!OC;>IGI"!=QP!QILM;#
HC?LQ!JIEF?J;HP!JI JF?=;=B"!=QP!Q<C?#
KQ?LQ!EIF?DHP!IJC?K>IF$!3;LC!JKQ?VI#
OHCILEWO!I NE;K;HC?"!ND;OHC;HC;
OC!D?>?H!Q JIFC=D;HMWO!JK?O?H=DC$
9 M?K?HC?! I> LJ?VHC;HC;! MP=B
HPGC!Q?!LMIVN!C G;!O HC=B!I>>;HP=B
=C!Q 1N>IOP$
* MPG=Q;L?G!EIF?DHC!FN>QC?!QI#
LM;FC!JKQ?HC?LC?HC!>I CHHP=B!D?>HI#
LM?E"!; D?>?H!@NHE=DIH;KCNLQ!O I<;#
OC?!JKQ?> EIHL?EO?H=D;GC!I>LQ?>V
AWFHP=B!EIGCL;KC;MWO$!5IOC;MIOP
QO;F;!H; HC?G;F!OLQPLMEC?!LJILI<P
QGNLQ;HC;!@NHE=DIH;KCNLQP!>I M;EC?#
AI!>QC;V;HC;$!9 1N>IOC?!MIO;KQP#
2B$
GP!LPMN;=DC"!D;E;!J;HND?!O JIOC?=C?"
; LENMEC!M?AI!S IJKW=Q!QGC;H!E;>KI#
@8A!3B9:H8?
LQP!;LJCK;HM!3J8GB@=C!3E8D=8?$!*HC
H; ECFE;! EO;FC@CE;=DC! JK;OHP=B$
S 5KQP KIQFC=Q;HCN!J;MKIFN!JKIJIHN#
H; H;LQPG!Q>KIOCN$!3; HC?EMWKP=B
EIGCL;KC;M;=B!O JIOC?=C?!LPMN;=D;
S 5IJKQ?>HC!EIG?H>;HM!HC?!OP#
Q;LMK;LQ;HC?"!CHLPHN;=D?$!2N>QC?!<I#
HP!EIG?H>;HM!MI!=QVIOC?E"!EMWKP!HC?
=PQDC$!8I!>PF?M;HM"!EMWKP!H; HC=QPG
)86/7.,7<! 98>2,<8>@! %7.:A/3
&,;A<=:,!.8 -A,;=!8..,72,!</18!7="
6/:=!B'2*C!.8 .:=4=!72/!8.98>2/"
G?M;@IKP=QHP!LJILW<!NLCVIO;V!G$CH$
Q; H;>AI>QCHP$
'8<#!*,(=;
>24<8:2,$0,4<@262<@#95
"
-!()+#+(&'#!%$*$+,'#
8P!(*!"*+'#
(*W)(!3?!)'((!P&
*)('"!*)-+"%&
"#&'+'%1+!#$-.%)-,(/0*(
!)(*$'#%"+&$
(&$HAOJE! +-><A6!*# E ',$HAOJE! %-<"
>:=B!+#
<?964! ?946->:@-! D 6:8;1904?8
@410BA!: -.:</54$!/:!4 5-6!:<-BC
=TVIJVWXZJR!OJWX!UT\GFZNJSNJ
FG[!Z VF\NJ!ZUFIPN!SNLI[%!UV\JSNL&
I[!SNJ!W\YPFa[!UTRTH[!Y WYXFSST&
Z[HM'!;Y!UV\JWXVTI\J!UV\[UTRSNF&
/(&03154!5"0.#&*
7AQEAJ!S=M=@JR '&$H=OAG!S 3M=LGK$
QE?! LMSRJEWNV! @K @KIP '(! ORN%! SV%
EF UTRTH!Z ITPTSFSNY!WPVTGFS&
HOF!OJWX!RTVIJVWXZJR`!^ XT!\FGNJL
QEA%! 3K>EAO=#!@PIJ=! S NRJ=#!LK?SRJEV=!EJQANOR?FA!U GPLEV=! IA>HA#! QRGV=@SE$
5C%
RCPVUMC .PCRJNTQJC N 5CVHLHGPC
<VEVSJC
ZWUbQSJLT%!\F XT!TIUTZNJISNT!TI&
I\NFaYOJ!SF JRTHOJ'!@abI!IT *,!X[&
RNJ!PFXJHMJXHJ%!F PFXJHMJXPF!^ SNJ&
:NFQRCTEG'!5KJP&
XJR!_LaYHMJLT!XJQJKTSY`!G[aF!SFLTS&
UV\JI W\UNXFQJR%!Z PXbV[R!RNFa!TI&
IENOMSAI! Q GQANOEE! >P@KQR! GK$
SNLI[!SNJ!G[aT!UVTGQJRY$%!SNJ!SF&
HN'!EFUTGNJLaT!XT!HFaPTZNXJRY!UV\J&
HJUHON%!PXbVF!\ \FWFI[!RF!WPVTGFS&
4PSAPI! @EA?ASF=HJA! Q 0MKDE?SR$
JEA!KNGP>=V!S MRJEAJ )*$HAOJE!IEANS$
SNJ!IT\ZTQTSF$'
EFPF\!FGTVHON!SNJ!\RSNJOW\F!QNH\&
G[!\FGNJLbZ%!F OJI[SNJ!UTLFVW\F!NHM
YUa[ZJR!UNJVZW\JLT!XV[RJWXVY'
^ WPNJVTZFSJO!UV\JIJ!ZW\[WXPNR!IT
7KJ=@ -&&! JEAQR>P?DWQ#! IEJ#
>KI>!E LK?ENGWQ!S KGMANP 22 QKF$
/GCSQGQES ^ TGT&
KYSPHOTSTZFaF!X\Z'!UTQNHOF!LNSJPTQT&
LNH\SF%!F HT!VTPY!WJXPN!PTGNJX!YRNJ&
/05&)&$'"6!1",!1(&#(&
JEP! S @MSAQAI! E >AOKJKQRI! IP$
WXTVNF!RNaTWSF`'!D[RTZS[R!UV\[&
TI .(!IT *((!X[W'!\FGNJLbZ!VTH\SNJ'
@T\F X[R]!SFW\!UV\[VTWX!SFXYVFQS[
5KGLGMQ!-KGJ%
QCMFPUIQJH% 999 Z'!S'J'$!N XVZF!SF&
IFQ! ^ UV\J\! TLVFSNH\JSNJ! UVFZF
IT IJH[ITZFSNF!T WTGNJ'
OJWX!WUVTZFI\JSNJ!IT WJORTZJO!PF&
UQNH[!#WNH"$!VJQNPZNN!SNJOFPNJO!4NCMMU
7NKKH ^ PTGNJX[!HMTVJO!SF STZTXZbV%
9OPCENTCXC!@B
(
<-5!E:.0-<B:9AF!5109A8!B 9-52:<=BA/3!6748->H@
7 LM9FH8:?!GH<NM;<E:B@:?!E8 /8H08:N8!L 78HIN8L@<!@ FBFC@:8:?!N8>SF&
STVI[HPNHM!PVJZSNFPbZ!SNJ!OJWX!TLV\JZFSF XFP!GFVI\T
IB@'!3FC8:M!N8>SFIFL8C@!EF>8D@!E8 JF%!L A8B@!IGFIT9!3@5!NH<C8JML@NFL8S
+/$#/.!*),*)(&-$
\ WYPHJWJR! JIYPFH[OS[R'
#UTWJa!@FZJa!@TSH[QOYW\%!@:>$
SNJ! G[aF!IFSF XF!aFWPF!X\Z'
,-?9-!8HB2H@
XFR!UV[ZFXS[HM!W\Pba%!XVFI[&
#PW'!=FVJP!7FSHFVH\[P%!
UV\[ SNJRFQ!PTRUQJXSJO!HNJR&
Z XFRXJOW\[R!RTIJQY!NSI[&
ZNIYFQSJO!V[ZFQN\FHON'! 1 HT
TZFSNJ!FXRTWKJV[!\FYKFSNF!N Z\FOJRSJO!UTRTH['!>F&
#:FVTWaFZ!;YVWPN%!
_7F\JXF!D[GTVH\F`%!T UV\JRbZNJSNY!:FVTWaFZF!;'$
9@<!@ ;C8!9H8J8!D@<AI:<!L ?@IJFH@@'! #1QJPWFSIJV!BRTQFV%!
UVJ\JW!6YSIFHON!2FXTVJLT%!T :FVTWaFZNJ!;'$
W\JO!XVbOHJ!SFOGFVI\NJO! NSSTZFH[OS[HM!N PTSPYVJSH[O&
W[WXJRY!OJWX!UVFHF!Z LVYUNJ'!CT!LVYUF%!F SNJ!UV[ZFX&
D TWXFXSNHM! X[LTISNFHM! UTQWPNJ!RJINF! TGVTI\Na[!
EM%!E@:NMD!BFIJB8!NKGM!0EFHH'!
SFVTITZ[HM!RNFV!UT\NTRY!Z[PW\XFaHJSNF%!6NSQFSINF!SFO&
@UDPCKH,!-/$!::P$!;5
ZNJQTPVTXSNJ'!
-0-7!/39/2
7Q!')!")*&#
')X('!2>!(&''!Q%
"
4+70=:A!B 92;
AX[Nf!ARC!
YZ`_&
9[Y!7+ 9[Y
G YJZJORJLQ! \Z^J!JTLSJ!`KRN&
ZJWRJ! YXMYR[g^! YXM YZXSNT\NV
WR!TXUNM`_!b VRVX!`JTJ`g^!R [\J&
WX^L`NPX![YZ`NLR^]!YXURLSR!b ` YZN&
5X!`JYN^WN!WRN!`J OJT\![`NZ`NWRJ
^ AXU[LN!JKXZLSR'!AZXKX[`L`!YJZJ&
YZJ^! L`fX^RNTJ%! JUN! WJSYN^WRNS
^ GJZ[`J^RN'!Q-<:MNA8! F GHN<;8H&
BH8AK'! 5F! GHN<N! E@<>F! 4FCIB8! JH8:@
M`RN!YZ`_WJSVWRNS +((!X[gK%!T\gZN
[TX!\Z`_!MNTJM_'!7f]PRN!#TRUT]WJ[\X&
WRT!b XM [RNKRN'!
+;W
^[`JT!XK]!KZJLRXV'''!
99Q
68.YA!B+ 68:.A
AXU[TR!KXT[NZ!<OMCRW!+FCMGK
LFA<EEMDR'
+;W
L8EM:?! GHN<N! GFC@:A8EJTL! P K;8SF
= ;+5/B3+7[?
WNS! WXZV_'!
WNPX!YZN`_MNW\J!eXM`R%!WRN]MJL`&
WRTJ!3GQWGHO!4QOPJUNJEKJGHO%!VX&
@ L J<E!IGFIT9!F;HNK:@C@!E8K:N8E@<
9S'! 08E8! 48LS8! //R) b \_VR! [fX^_
W_LQ!` JVKXW_'!
+4
+;W
VUW!`fX\_LQ!]WRSWNS!YXVXL_!^_MJ&
TRNPX2!cAJWRN%! WRNLQ!D^gS![f]PJ
4MJVNT!ZX`T^J[R!V]!WX[! R VXZ&
9+:4270!
G CRNZJM`]!J^JW\]ZJ!X YXVWRT
MZ]PR!YXURL`NT"d'!
6C4
?RN\_YX^_! LNWWRT! ][\JWX^Rf
YZXKX[`L`!YJZJORR!Y^'! GRNL`NZ`_
4QVRSVNC!0QCDJEKC YX[\J^RfJ!PX
7+ .8:8,4=
S]!BNPRXWJUWNPX'!
6C4
W_V!Y]WTLRN!VRJ[\J%!L`_UR!YXM TX&
3CEGK
3+3-+!9+92/;42/
PJ!\X!^RNULN!TX[`\X^WJ!RW^N[\_LSJ'
b!\JT
WNPX!YJZTRWP]%!X L`_V!RWOXZV]SN
[\X[X^WJ!\JKURL`TJ2!Q48HB@E>!E@<!A<IJ
?CLEWCK
6C4
YJ\ZXWJ\NV!VRNS[LX^NPX!JZL_KR[T]&
3C$
NC!9CUZC 22
MX^JWRJ!
>8R
URLQ! b /(( `f%! Y][`TR! #YXSNVWRTR
WJ TXW[NTZX^JWN! QX[\RN$! b 1((
;484!.8 4:=-1<A
5N`! CYgfM`RNUL`_LQ! <J[
K=8D!5F9@<"""R'
+4
^JZ[`J^[TR!TXWLNZ\! c8J`N\_! AXU&
M]LQX^WR!]`_[TR^JUR!^ X[\J\WRLQ
UJ\JLQ!XM [\JZX[\^J!YX^RJ\X^NPX
^ CXTgfLN'! 7X [YZJ^_! ^TZg\LN
^ZgLRV_'!
WX[`XWJ!]URLJVR!VRJ[\J'!AX\NV!YX&
XZWJ\_!YX 1-( `f%!JVY]fTR!b +-( `f%
6C4
\_V!^[`_[L_!`MZX^R'!
6C4
,GNG$
FVKS @>2 ^ [YNLSJUWNS!NWL_TURLN
LRN!Vg^RUR!XZPJWR`J\XZ`_!RVYZN`_%
V'RW'!WJL`NUW_!\_PXMWRTJ!<OMCRW
;CKJGUJEW
;</55+!
BY8.B2/3+:2;
).!`JK_\TX^_LQ!YZ`NMVRX\g^
YZJ^RLX^_V!VNMRXV!R YXUR\_TXV%
` :VFWVKJGM WJ L`NUN'! +;W
I TXUNR!^ YJZJORR! Y^'! 6QZ_[\][J
<ZgUJ!^ 5RNU[T]&5RJfNS!YZXKX[`L`
^`_^J!MX `PfJ[`JWRJ!c^XUR![YXW[X&
[\^JVR! ^ MZ]TJZWR!JZLQRMRNLN`SR
SN^gM`TR!TXW[NZ^J\XZ!`JK_\Tg^'!6X
Z][`_f!YZXLN[!^_\XL`XW_!JZLQRMRNLN&
\_['! MXUJZg^!YZ`_ ^WX[`NWR]!RLQ
WJ \NZNW!GJ\_TJW]'!GNMf]P!^fX&
T\gZN!`^_TUN!]L`N[\WRL`_f_!^ XZPJ&
WR`X^JWR]!YXLQXMg^!YRNZ^[`XVJ&
SX^_LQ!b C=7!R @AII% `ZN`_PWX&
^Jf_!^ \_V! ZXT]! ` \JTRNS!OXZV_
.%0!VUW! `fX\_LQ! ` YXMJ\T]! F4D'
YZ`_WX[`XWX! ^ \XZKJLQ!R TRN[`N&
VR!YZ`NMVRX\JVR!R T\X![YX^XMX&
6C4
[XKRN -%-!VT^'%!J >5!8ZXVWRL`&
WNS! b -!VT^'! AJW!5gP! YX^RWRNW
:+98Y8,=B
+LC
C=7!<OMCRW!4CLJSC
MZ]TJZWRJ!K_fJ!VRNS[LNV!^_f]M`J&
U]T[][]a!
+4
-CPONG"!
6C4
6C4
^_[XTRN!KN`ZXKXLRN!R WR[TRN!`JZXK&
MXWRVRN!54C!DJSYJW!^ YRX[NWLN
?%!?+;25/?;4+ 22
/UC! ;SCNKJGUJEW
W_V HH&UNLR]'!
6C4
]M`RNUXW_V!YXZ\JUX^R!OZXWMJ'!YU!WJ&
6=,+:+4!?2/542
C\JWTRN^RL`%! T\gZJ!SN[\!YZN`N[NV
[\X^JZ`_[`NWRJ!cCXURMJZWR *()(d%
WJ ^JZ[`J^[TRLQ! QJYYNWRWPJLQ
8>H<IA8! E@:NMD! E@<IGH<:MNFL8E8
YX`KJ^RXW_!WRNMJ^WX!^fJM`_!NPRY&
[TR!M_T\J\XZ!1ORNJ!6TDCQCK X\Z`_&
VJf!MX YZN`_MNW\J!
RKJGHO
[f]PR! B`NL`_YX[YXUR\NS! AXU[TRNS'
SM!@ C<L<!E@<L@8IJMOR' 6`_!fXK]`X&
KgS[\^Xd!L`_!cIJVJLQd'!G RVRNWR]
[\X^JZ`_[`NWRJ!XZ`NTfJ2!
KX^RNV!
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
