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Encyclopedia of
European Peoples
NO
Carl Waldman and
Catherine Mason
For Gina Sikelianos . . .
honoring her European spirit.
—Carl Waldman
NO
For Carole Mihalko, first-generation Lithuanian-American,
who spent many years in the South Pacific as an educator and whose
joy in life and laughter were a joyous contagion. Passed away on
July 5, 2004, after more than a decade fighting cancer.
—Cathy Mason
Encyclopedia of European Peoples
Copyright © 2006 by Carl Waldman and Catherine Mason
Drawings copyright © 2006 by Patti Erway
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by
any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the
publisher. For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
An imprint of Infobase Publishing
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Waldman, Carl, 1947–
Encyclopedia of European peoples / Carl Waldman and Catherine Mason.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-4964-5
1. Ethnology—Europe—Encyclopedias 2. Europe—Social life and customs—
Encyclopedias. I. Mason, Catherine, 1950– II. Title.
D1056.W35 2006
305.8'0094—dc22
2005040153
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk
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Text design by Mary Susan Ryan-Flynn
Cover design by Cathy Rincon
Maps by Richard Garratt
Drawings by Patti Erway
Printed in the United States of America
VB MSRF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Contents
7
List of Entries
iv
List of Illustrations and Maps
vii
Preface
xi
How to Use This Set
xiii
Acknowledgments
xv
Entries A to Z
1
Appendix I: European Peoples with Entries in This Book
with Alternate Names and Groupings
877
Appendix II: European Peoples Organized by Primary Ancestral
Language Family, Nationalities, or Regions
883
Appendix III: The Languages of Europe, Past and Present
887
Appendix IV: The Geography of Europe
890
Appendix V: Hominids, the Earliest Europeans
893
Appendix VI: Individuals Mentioned in Text through the Nineteenth
Century, with Birth and Death Dates, Organized by Peoples
900
Appendix VII: List of Individuals Featured in Biographical Sidebars,
Organized Alphabetically
920
Appendix VIII: Chronology of European Prehistory and History
921
Glossary of Cultural Terms
943
Bibliography
952
List of entries
7
Abazians
Abricantes
Achaeans
Adriani
Aduatuci
Aducinates
Aedui
Aeolians
Aequi
Aestii
Agessinates
Aigosages
Alamanni
Alans
Albanians: nationality
Albici
Allobroges
Ambarri
Ambialates
Ambiani
Ambibarii
Ambidravi
Ambivariti
Amsivarii
Anagnutes
Anares
Anartes
Ancalites
Andecamulenses
Andecavi
Andis
Andorrans: nationality
Angles
Anglo-Saxons
Antes
Aorsi
Apuli
Aquitani
Arecomici
Arevaci
Arvanites
Arverni
Arviens
Aspiates
Astures
Atacini
Atrebates
Attacotti
Aulerci
Aurunci
Ausci
Austrians: nationality
Auteri
Avars
Baiocasses
Balkars
Balts
Bashkirs
Basques
Bastarnae
Bastetani
Bastuli
Batavi
Bavarians
Bavarii
Belarusians: nationality
Belegezites
Belendi
Belgae
Belgians: nationality
Belli
Bellovaci
Bercorates
Berones
Bibroci
Bigerriones
Bituriges
Bodiotonci
Bohemians
Boii
Boikos
Boresti
Borussians
Bosnians and
Herzegovinians: nationality
Brannovices
Bretons
Brigantes
Brigantini
British: nationality
Britons
Bructeri
Bruttii
Bulgarians: nationality
Bulgars
Burgundii
Buzhanians
Byzantines
Cadurci
Caerenii
Caerosi
Caledones
Caledonians
Caleti
Cambolectri
Campani
Cangi
Cantabri
Cantiaci
Carantanians
Carnonacae
Carnutes
Carpenati
Carpetani
Carpi
Carthaginians
Carvetii
Cassi
Catalanians
Catalauni
Caturiges
Catuvellauni
Caucasians
Cauci
Cavares
Celtae
Celtiberians
Celtici
Celts
Cenimagni
Cenomani
Ceretani
Ceutrones
Chamavi
Chatti
Chattuarii
Chauci
Chechens
Cherusci
Chorvati
Chuvash
Cimbri
Cimmerians
Circassians
Cocosates
Coenicenses
Conderates
Condrusi
Consoranni
Convenae
Coriondi
Corionototae
Coriosolites
Coritani
Cornish
Cornovii
Cossacks
Costobocii
Creones
Croats
Croats: nationality
Cumans
Curonians
Cycladites
Cypriots: nationality
Czechs
Czechs: nationality
Dacians
Dál Fiatach
Dalmatians
Dál Riata
Damnonii
Danes: nationality
iv
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